人类将在
未来几十年。这是根据
无论如何，对于 NASA 来说。最终目标是什么？
完全脱离地球而生活。
科学家们已经开始开发
使我们能够旅行的技术
令人难以置信的长距离让我们
到达那里时我们还能活着。但如果我们真的
想要居住在其他世界，一个重要的
需要解决的问题。我们能
在太空中繁衍？如果人类
在火星有基地，我们无法保留
回弹 225,000,000
公里，旅程可能需要
大约七个月后才能生孩子
地球。人类需要生儿育女
在太空中。
但太空对于
人体中含有高水平的
辐射，精子和卵子
细胞高度敏感。
美国宇航局最近发送了第一批
冷冻人类精子被送往太空。冷冻的
细胞被成功重新激活，但
DNA 受损，行动异常，
这可能会降低他们的机会
受精卵。更多
令人鼓舞的是，冻干小鼠精子
在太空中度过了几个月
产下了一窝健康的幼崽
在地球上受精。尽管
精子DNA发生了改变，损害是
与雌性接触后修复
卵子。胎儿在太空中发育，
然而，它需要受到保护
免受这种有害辐射。其快速
生长速度会让婴儿
尤其容易受到遗传因素的影响
突变，增加了
儿童癌症。也许
从长远来看，辐射同样重要
是脱离地球引力的时间。
我们知道低重力会导致
宇航员的肌肉萎缩，骨骼
密度变小，数量
血液在体内循环
减少。第一个在地球外出生的婴儿
地球很可能诞生在火星上，
那里的重力约为地球的 38%，
这必然会影响生育和
发育。但如果一个孩子出生在
微重力，例如在太空中
站，影响会更大
发音。为了论证的目的，
让我们想象一下这种情况。
认为重力有助于塑造
内耳发挥重要作用
平衡和定向。鼠
太空发育后出生的幼崽
感觉不到哪边是上哪边是下，
微重力将继续造成
分娩本身面临的挑战。
地球，总有一个选择
剖腹产，但尽管医生们
修补老鼠尾巴并进行锁孔手术
从来没有人对猪进行过手术
在太空中进行手术。血液可能会飞溅
甚至比地球上通常的情况还要多，
不受重力约束地漂浮。
或者它可以被拉成一种围绕着
伤口，很难看清
正在发生。今天，如果宇航员需要
紧急手术，他们不得不放弃
他们的使命并返回地球。但是
假设分娩成功，
在微重力环境下长大的婴儿
外表、动作和行为都截然不同
一个出生在地球上的人。在那里，一个孩子
不会学会爬行，但会
而是学会漂浮，推动
用手臂自慰。没有
严格的锻炼制度，这是可能的
他们的骨骼和肌肉会变小
在他们的下半身，但更大，
上肢力量更强。比如
宇航员体内的液体可能会
向上进入胸部和头部，
让他们的脸肿起来。因此，
在太空出生和长大的孩子可能会
永远无法在地球上生存。
他们可能无法行走，
站立，甚至呼吸。
地球引力对人类如此重要
它被描述为身份
人类的。如果没有它，人类
亚种出现，只能生存
在太空中？假设所有的物理
挑战是可以克服的，
其他需要解决的问题
考虑。
在如此孤立和
极端环境？虽然母亲可能
能够同意，但孩子却不能。
培养这样的人是否合乎道德？
可能永远无法踏上这颗星球
地球？现在，生孩子
在太空中可能会感觉像来自
科幻电影，但最终它是一部
我们必须解决的难题
深入我们的太阳系。
-----------------------------
Humans will travel to Mars within the
next couple of decades. That's according
to NASA, anyway. The ultimate goal?
To live entirely independent of Earth.
Scientists are already developing
technology that will enable us to travel
the incredibly long distances and keep us
alive when we get there. But if we really
want to inhabit other worlds, a major
issue needs to be addressed. Can we
reproduce in space?If humans
had a base on Mars, we couldn't keep
popping back 225,000,000
kilometres, a journey likely to take
around seven months to have children on
Earth. Humans will need to have babies
in space.
But space is a hostile environment for
the human body with high levels of
radiation, something both sperm and egg
cells are highly sensitive to.
NASA recently sent the first samples of
frozen human sperm to space. The frozen
cells were successfully reactivated but
showed DNA damage and moved differently,
which would likely reduce their chances
of fertilizing an egg. More
encouragingly, freeze-dried mouse sperm
that spent several months in space
produced a brood of healthy pups when
fertilized back on Earth. Although
the sperm DNA had changed, the damage was
repaired upon contact with the female
egg. For a foetus to develop in space,
however, it would need to be protected
from this harmful radiation. Its rapid
growth rate would make a baby
particularly vulnerable to genetic
mutations, increasing the risk of
childhood cancers. And perhaps as
significant as radiation in the long term
is time spent away from Earth's gravity.
We know that low gravity causes
astronauts muscles to atrophy, bones to
become less dense, and the quantity of
circulating blood in the body to
decrease. The first baby born off planet
Earth will most likely be born on Mars,
where gravity is about 38% of Earth's,
which is bound to affect both birth and
development. But if a child was born in
microgravity, for example on a space
station, the impacts would be much more
pronounced. For the sake of argument,
let's imagine this happening. It's
thought that gravity helps shape parts of
the inner ear that play an important role
in balance and orientation. Rat
pups born after developing in space
couldn't sense which way was up or down,
and microgravity would continue to pose
challenges for childbirth itself. On
Earth, there is always the option of a
C-section, but although medics have
mended rats' tails and performed keyhole
surgery on pigs, no one has ever been
operated on in space. Blood can spatter
even more than it usually does on Earth,
floating around unconstrained by gravity.
Or it can pull into a kind of dome around
a wound, making it hard to see what's
going on. Today, if an astronaut needs
emergency surgery, they have to ditch
their mission and return to Earth. But
presuming the birth was successful, a
baby growing up in microgravity would
look, move, and behave very differently
to one born on Earth. There, a child
would not learn to crawl, but would
instead learn to float, propelling
themselves using their arms. Without a
strict exercise regime, it's possible
their bones and muscles would be smaller
in their lower body, yet bigger and
stronger in their upper body. Like
astronauts, fluids in their body could
travel upwards into their chest and head,
giving them a puffy face. As a result, a
child born and raised in space might
never be able to live on Earth. It's
possible they might not be able to walk,
stand, or even breathe.
Earth's gravity is so important to humans
that it's been described as the identity
of mankind. Without it, would a human
subspecies emerge, only able to survive
in space?Assuming all the physical
challenges can be overcome, there are
other issues that would need to be
considered. What would be the impacts of
raising a child in such an isolated and
extreme environment?While a mother may be
able to consent, the child cannot.
Is it ethical to raise human beings who
may never be able to set foot on planet
Earth?Right now, having a baby
in space may feel like something from a
sci-fi film, but ultimately it's a
puzzle we have to solve if we want to
travel deeper into our solar system.
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